Kub forging thiab txias forging yog ob txoj kev sib txawv hlau uas tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws. Forging yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv qee yam cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej los deform ib lub hlau rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim siab - deformation yog ua tiav siv cov kub forging, txias forging, los yog sov forging txheej txheem. Thaum kawg, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav xav txog ntau cov qauv ua ntej xaiv hom forging uas haum rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nplej endows ib feem nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev taw qhia, forging yog siv los kho cov nplej kom lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws uas yuav ntsib. Hauv qhov sib piv, casting thiab mechanical processing feem ntau muaj kev tswj xyuas tsawg dua ntawm cov txheej txheem nplej.
Forging txheej txheem
Forging txhais tau tias yog kev tsim lossis deformation ntawm cov hlau hauv nws lub xeev ruaj khov. Ntau cov txheej txheem forging tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nyob rau hauv uas lub rauj lossis tus neeg ntaus tawm mus rau kab rov tav los nias tawm tsam qhov kawg ntawm tus pas nrig lossis pas nrig kom nthuav dav thiab hloov cov duab kawg. Ua ntej mus txog qhov kawg cov duab, feem ntau yog dhau los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tas mus li. Lub zog muaj zog bolts yog 'txias taub hau' ua li no. Lub cav valve kuj yog tsim los ntawm kev chim siab.
Hauv kev poob rauj forging, ib feem yog hammered rau hauv cov duab ntawm qhov tiav hauv pwm, uas zoo ib yam li qhib tuag forging ntawm ib tug neeg hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlau yog hammered rau hauv cov yam xav tau kev tiv thaiv anvil. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov qhib tuag forging thiab kaw tuag forging. Hauv kev tuag forging, cov hlau tsis muaj kev txwv tag nrho los ntawm pwm. Nyob rau hauv kaw los yog nias pwm, forged hlau yog txwv ntawm ib nrab pwm. Rov ua dua cov pwm ua rau cov hlau ua rau nws cov duab, thiab ob sab ntawm cov pwm nws thiaj li sib ntsib. Lub zog ntawm lub rauj tuaj yeem muab los ntawm chav lossis pneumatic, mechanical lossis hydraulic txhais tau tias. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb poob rauj forging, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ib leeg thawb rauj downwards, tab sis ntau lub tshuab siv fais fab kev pab ua ke nrog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Lub rauj muab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kub ceev, tsis tshua muaj zog tshuab los kaw cov pwm.
Nyob rau hauv lub siab forging, kev kub siab hloov kev kub ceev, thiab ib nrab ntawm cov pwm raug kaw nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob stroke feem ntau yog muab los ntawm lub hwj chim ntsia hlau los yog hydraulic lub tog raj kheej. Rauj forging feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom me me, thaum xovxwm forging feem ntau yog siv rau ntau lawm thiab automation. Kev siv qeeb qeeb ntawm kev sib tsoo feem ntau ua rau sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw zoo dua li hammering, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom loj loj xws li titanium aircraft bulkheads. Lwm txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb forging txawv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim: piv txwv li, cov kabmob sib tw thiab cov iav loj loj yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua dov nplhaib forging, uas tuaj yeem tsim seamless ncig.
Kub forging
Thaum ib daim hlau yog kub forged, nws yuav tsum tau rhuab heev. Qhov nruab nrab forging kub yuav tsum tau rau kub forging ntawm txawv hlau yog:
Steel mus txog 1150 degree C
360 txog 520 degree C rau aluminium alloys
700 txog 800 degree C (tooj liab alloy)
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kub forging, steel billets los yog billets yog induction rhuab los yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj qhov recrystallization point ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv ib tug forging rauv los yog qhov cub. Qhov kub kub no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj zog ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm deformation. Vim yog lub xeev yas ntawm hlau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov duab nyuaj heev. Hlau tuav ductility thiab ductility.
Yuav kom forge qee cov hlau, xws li superalloys, ib hom kub forging hu ua isothermal forging yog siv. Ntawm no, cov pwm yog rhuab mus rau kwv yees li qhov kub ntawm lub billet kom tsis txhob deg txias ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm forging txheej txheem. Forging yog qee zaum ua rau hauv qhov chaw tswj kom txo qis qhov tsim ntawm oxide nplai.
Kev lig kev cai, manufacturers xaiv kub forging los tsim cov khoom vim nws tso cai rau cov khoom deform nyob rau hauv lub xeev yas, ua rau cov hlau yooj yim rau tshuab. Kub forging kuj pom zoo rau hlau deformation nrog siab formability, uas yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm ntau npaum li cas deformation ib tug hlau tuaj yeem tiv taus yam tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Lwm qhov kev txiav txim siab rau kub forging muaj xws li:
Kev tsim cov khoom sib cais
Nruab nrab mus rau tsawg precision
Tsawg kev ntxhov siab lossis ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj zog
Homogeneous grain qauv
Nce ductility
Tshem tawm cov tshuaj incompatibility thiab porosity
Muaj peev xwm drawbacks ntawm kub forging muaj xws li:
Tsawg dua qhov kam rau ua
Cov khoom yuav warp thaum lub caij txias
Txawv hlau grain qauv
Muaj peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm ib puag ncig huab cua thiab hlau (scaling)
Cold forging (los yog txias forming)
Txias forging ua rau hlau deform hauv qab nws qhov chaw recrystallization. Txias forging ho txhim kho tensile lub zog thiab yield zog thaum txo ductility. Txias forging feem ntau yog ua nyob ze ntawm chav tsev kub. Cov hlau ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev siv txias forging feem ntau yog cov qauv hlau lossis carbon alloy steel. Txias forging feem ntau yog txheej txheem kaw.
Thaum cov hlau twb yog cov hlau mos (xws li txhuas), txias forging feem ntau nyiam. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau pheej yig dua li kub forging, thiab cov khoom kawg tsis tas yuav tsum tau precision machining. Qee zaum, thaum cov hlau txias forged rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau, kev kho cua sov yog nqa tawm tom qab tshem tawm qhov seem ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab. Vim tias kev txhim kho cov hlau muaj zog los ntawm kev sib tsoo txias, cov ntaub ntawv qib qis tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv uas tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom qub los ntawm kev siv tshuab lossis kub forging.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem xaiv qhov txias forging tshaj kub forging rau ntau yam laj thawj - vim tias qhov txias forged yuav tsum tau siv me me los yog tsis muaj precision machining, thiab cov kauj ruam hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog xaiv tau, yog li txuag nyiaj. Txias forging kuj tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem muaj kuab paug, ua rau zoo dua tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Lwm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov txias forging muaj xws li:
Yooj yim rau muab cov yam ntxwv taw qhia
Txhim kho kev tsim tawm
Txhim kho qhov loj me
Tuav kev ntxhov siab thiab siab pwm loads
Kev tsim cov khoom huv lossis ze li huv si
Qee qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem muaj xws li:
Cov hlau saum npoo yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj oxide nplai ua ntej forging
Tsis zoo ductility ntawm hlau
Kev ntxhov siab seem yuav tshwm sim
Xav tau cov cuab yeej hnyav dua thiab muaj zog dua
Xav tau cov cuab yeej muaj zog dua
Kub forging
Sov forging yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias qis dua qhov kub ntawm recrystallization tab sis siab dua chav sov kom kov yeej qhov tsis txaus thiab tau txais qhov zoo ntawm kub thiab txias forging. Kev tsim ntawm oxide ntawm daim tawv nqaij tsis yog ib qho teeb meem, thiab piv rau kub forging, kev kam rau siab yuav me dua. Piv rau txias forging, tus nqi ntawm cov pwm yog qis dua thiab lub zog tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom kuj qis dua. Piv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm txias, nws txo cov tawv tawv thiab txhim kho ductility.
Daim ntawv thov
Hauv kev lag luam tsheb, forging yog siv los tsim cov khoom ncua kev kawm xws li idler caj npab thiab qag, thiab Powertrain qhov chaw xws li txuas pas nrig thiab kis tau tus mob. Forgings feem ntau yog siv rau cov kav dej valve stems, valve lub cev, thiab flanges, qee zaum ua los ntawm tooj liab alloy kom nce corrosion kuj. Cov cuab yeej tes xws li wrenches feem ntau yog forged, nrog ntau cov hlua hlau