Carbon Steel

Cov pa roj carbon steel yog cov hlau-carbon alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.0218% rau 2.11%. Kuj tseem hu ua carbon steel. - Feem ntau muaj me me ntawm silicon, manganese, sulfur, thiab phosphorus. Feem ntau, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon steel, qhov hardness ntau dua, lub zog siab dua, tab sis cov yas qis dua.

Raws li kev siv cov pa roj carbon steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov qauv hlau, cov cuab yeej carbon steel thiab dawb txiav cov qauv hlau peb pawg, carbon structural steel tau muab faib rau engineering siv hlau thiab tshuab tsim cov qauv hlau ob yam. Raws li txoj kev smelting yuav muab faib ua qhib hearth steel, converter steel.

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau xws li carbon , , , (C) silicon manganese , , (Si) ( , , Mn) phosphate (P) sulfur , , (S) chrome , , (Cr), npib tsib xee, ​​, ​​, Ni) thiab tooj liab (Cu). cov

Carbon (C) : carbon yog lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv steel, nws tsub kom lub hardness thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dhau yuav ua rau toughness thiab weldability ntawm steel txo. cov

Silicon (Si): silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis qib siab yuav ua rau kub brittleness. cov
Manganese (Mn) : manganese tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau, kuj tseem pab txhim kho cov tawv thiab plasticity ntawm hlau. cov

Phosphorus (P) : Phosphorus feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau, vim tias nws txo qhov toughness thiab weldability ntawm hlau. cov
Sulfur (S) : sulfur muaj nyob rau hauv hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfide, ​​ yuav txo tau cov ductility thiab toughness ntawm hlau, tab sis ib tug tsim nyog tus naj npawb ntawm leej faj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub machinability ntawm hlau los ntawm kev tsim manganese sulfide. cov

Chromium (Cr) : chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab hardness ntawm hlau, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov stainless hlau thiab kub-resistant hlau. cov

Nickel (Ni) : nickel tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab toughness ntawm hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv stainless hlau thiab tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj alloy hlau. cov

Copper (Cu) : tooj liab feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau, vim tias nws yuav ua rau thermal brittleness tab sis nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev siv xws li tooj dag tooj liab yog ib qho tsim nyog alloying. cov

Cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, kom ua tau raws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, Q215A carbon steel chemical muaj pes tsawg leeg, phosphorus thiab sulfur ​​, ​S , ​P) cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 0.050% thiab 0.045% raws li , chromium , (Cr) npib tsib xee , , , Ni) thiab tooj liab (Cu) tso cai cov ntsiab lus seem ntawm tsawg dua 0.030%. Kev tswj ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej cov khoom ntawm cov hlau

(1) Raws li kev siv cov pa roj carbon steel tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov qauv hlau, cov cuab yeej carbon steel thiab dawb txiav cov qauv hlau peb pawg, carbon structural steel tau muab faib ua engineering siv hlau thiab tshuab tsim cov qauv hlau ob;
(2) Raws li txoj kev smelting tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhib-hearth steel, converter steel;
(3) Raws li cov txheej txheem deoxidation tuaj yeem muab faib ua boiling steel (F), tua steel (Z), semi-tua steel (b) thiab tshwj xeeb tua steel (TZ);
(4) According to carbon content, carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC≤0.25%), medium carbon steel (WC0.25%-0.6%) and high carbon steel (WC>0.6%);
(5) Raws li cov hlau zoo, carbon hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam (ntau dua phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus), zoo carbon steel (tsawg phosphorus thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus) thiab qib high-zoo hlau (qis phosphorus). thiab cov ntsiab lus sulfur) thiab cov hlau zoo ntxiv.

1.High lub zog: lub zog ntawm carbon steel yog qhov siab, tuaj yeem tiv taus lub zog siab thiab siab.

2, siab hardness: hardness ntawm carbon hlau yog siab heev, tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm hardness ntau zaus.

3. Zoo hnav tsis kam: carbon hlau tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom hnav-tiv taus tom qab kev kho cua sov kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv machinery manufacturing, tsim, tsheb, aviation thiab lwm yam teb.

4. Kev ua haujlwm zoo: carbon hlau tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm forging, kev kho cua sov thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, thiab yooj yim rau txheej txheem thiab txiav. Qhov no ua rau carbon steel yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws.

1.Easy rau xeb: carbon steel muaj hlau, yooj yim rau oxygen, dej vapor thiab lwm yam hlau yaig los ntawm xeb. Yog tias tsis tiv thaiv lub sijhawm, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj ntau dua.

2. Muaj zog corrosion: Piv nrog cov hlau tsis muaj steel, carbon hlau yog ntau corrosive. Hauv qee qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, xws li dej hiav txwv thiab lwm qhov chaw corrosive, lub neej ntawm carbon steel yuav cuam tshuam zoo heev.

3. Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj: qhov hardness ntawm carbon steel yog siab heev, yog li nws xav tau ntau txheej txheem txheej txheem ntau dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv thaum ua thiab tsim. Yog li cov teeb meem kev nkag mus yog siab.

4. Yooj yim rau cua sov deformation: Vim tias cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm carbon steel yog qhov loj, nws yooj yim rau deformation thaum cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee zaum muaj ntau qhov cua sov thiab cua txias, yuav muaj qhov shrinkage sab hauv, npuas thiab lwm yam teeb meem zoo.

Piv txwv li, carbon steel, raws li cov khoom siv, muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thaum xaiv cov pa roj carbon steel, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb

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Cov hlau kub yog pretreated

Txhawm rau tswj qhov kub ntawm cov hlau molten saum 1250 degrees, hauv cov txheej txheem, lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau molten yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus kom deb li deb tau kom qis dua 4%, kom lwm cov khoom tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab ntxiv cov tshuaj desulphurization, hauv cov txheej txheem no kuj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv slag kom cov slag tus nqi ntawm ntau tshaj 80%.

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Hloov smelting

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv smelting tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab txo cov khoom siv raw. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm converter smelting, smelting txoj kev koom nrog xws li oxygen sab saum toj tshuab converter txoj kev, siab rub carbon replenishment tshuab txoj kev thiab tsawg rub carbon carburizing txoj kev. Kev kub siab oxygen gas ntws feem ntau yog siv los txhaj cov hlau kub rau hauv qhov cub, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, vim yog qhov kub thiab txias, cov hlau kub thiab cov pa oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiaj li ua tiav cov kev tswj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem kub thiab tshem tawm. cuam ​​tshuam ntawm lwm yam khoom.

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Kev tswj thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfur nyob rau hauv high carbon steel

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem refining, kev saib xyuas yog them rau desulfurization lag luam, feem ntau yog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv slag, qhov no yog vim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv desulfurization yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas absorbs tshav kub. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem slag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, calcium, hlau, txhuas, silicon thiab lwm yam hauv cov hlau molten react nrog sulfur, thiaj li ua tiav cov nyhuv ntawm desulfurization. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, qee cov catalysts uas tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem ntxiv lossis tag nrho stirred. Yog li, desulphurization ntau txaus thiab tus nqi desulphurization yog nrawm. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm high carbon steel refining, high carbon steel yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm leej faj.

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Tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm aluminium hauv siab carbon steel

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv high carbon steel yog tswj nyob rau hauv 2% kom deb li deb li sai tau, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub deformation kev ua tau zoo ntawm steel khoom, tab sis kuj txhim kho lub plasticity ntawm high carbon steel.

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Tundish metallurgy

Tundish metallurgy tshuab yog tsuas yog los tiv thaiv cov khoom nyob rau hauv billet reoxidation, yog li txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm oxidation teeb meem, qhov no technology yog mas nyob rau hauv lub ladle thiab tundish ntawm kev siv lub qhov ncauj ntev dej, yog li txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities, los tiv thaiv lub slag. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau kev tswj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom txo tau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm oxides, thiaj li txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm steel embryo.

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Electromagnetic stirring thiab lub teeb nias tshuab

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnetic stirring thiab lub teeb nias tshuab yog los tswj cov nplawm ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau hauv molten steel los ntawm cov hlau nplaum induction. Electromagnetic stirring thiab lub teeb nias cov txheej txheem - feem ntau yog siv thaum pib ntawm solidification ntawm cam khwb cia thaiv. Vim hais tias molten hlau muaj fluidity thiab yog nquag mus rau nruab nrab segregation, cov khoom uas emit magnetic teb yuav siv tau los ua cov crystals uas ua nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no txav mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetic teb. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub magnetic teb quab yuam yuav hloov tau los ntawm kev kho qhov luaj li cas ntawm tam sim no, thiaj li hloov lub stirring quab yuam, thiaj li hais tias cov khoom uas muaj ib tug tsawg melting point yog sib cais.

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Kev tswj tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias

Columnar crystals tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau muaj kev sib cais nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub billet. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub ntawm casting muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau columnar crystals. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias nce, txoj kab uas hla ntawm columnar crystal particles yuav loj dua, thiab kev sib cais tshwm sim yuav pom tseeb dua. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias yog txo, lub equiaxial siv lead ua ntawm lub billet yuav nthuav, yog li nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub billet, qhov kub yuav tsum tau tswj kom ntau li ntau tau kom tsim nyog, uas yog conducive rau lub deformation ntawm cov hlau.

 

 

 

 

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov ua carbon steel manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv Suav teb rau 20 xyoo, peb sov siab txais tos koj mus yuav cov pa roj carbon steel ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb nov los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tag nrho cov khoom yog nrog cov khoom zoo thiab cov nqi sib tw.