Ib.Dab tsi yog suav nrog
Nonmetallic inclusions yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv steel, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm solidification thiab txias ntawm steel, thiab undergo ib tug series ntawm kev hloov thaum lub sij hawm txias thiab kub ua. Raws li lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb, kev koom nrog feem ntau yog muab faib ua ob pawg: extraneous thiab endogenous, thiab tseem tuaj yeem raug cais raws li lawv lub peev xwm deformation, morphology thiab kev faib tawm. Tshooj lus no feem ntau qhia txog kev faib tawm los ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li lub peev xwm deforming ntawm non-metallic inclusion cua, brittle inclusion Al2O3, yas inclusion FeS, MnS, thiab non-deforming inclusion, SiO2. Classification los ntawm morphology thiab kev faib tawm, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D.
1. endogenous suav nrog
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau smelting, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deoxidation yuav tsim oxides thiab lwm yam khoom, yog tias cov khoom no tsis tshwm sim ua ntej lub solidification ntawm cov kua hlau, yuav nyob twj ywm hauv cov hlau;
Mn+FeO → Fe+MnO
Si+2FeO → SiO2+2Fe
2Al+3FeO → 3Fe+Al2O3
Ti+2FeO → 2Fe+TiO2
Cov impurity ntsiab xws li oxygen, sulfur thiab nitrogen yaj nyob rau hauv cov kua hlau yog precipitated nyob rau hauv lub txias thiab solidification, los yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom tov, thiab thaum kawg tseem nyob rau hauv lub ingot. Yuav luag tag nrho lawv ua oxides, sulfides, silicates, thiab lwm yam. Cov tebchaw no hu ua endogenous inclusions.
1) Oxides: Feem ntau alumina, uas yog ib qho me me insoluble, high-hardness brittle inclusion ua thaum txhuas yog deoxidized. Nws tau tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom me me tau muab faib rau hauv pawg raws li kev coj ua, qee zaum ob peb pawg sib luag. Cov banded oxides no txo qhov qaug zog ntawm cov hlau.
2) Sulfide: muaj plasticity siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog deformation thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub, muaj ntau qhov sib piv ntawm ib qho grey suav nrog, feem ntau qhov kawg yog sib npaug. Feem ntau yog ferrous sulfide, manganese sulfide, thiab lwm yam, sulfide ho txo cov transverse zog ntawm hlau.
3) Silicate: muaj plasticity siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv raws li kev coj ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub, cov duab yog ntxhib, uas qhia cov duab spindle. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog complex inclusions.
4) nitride: nws muaj lub siab melting point thiab hardness, tsis deform thaum lub sij hawm kub ua, thiab qhia square los yog tsis tu ncua geometric duab nyob rau hauv lub microscope.
5) qhov chaw zoo li tsis yog-deformable inclusions: nws tseem tuav ib qho kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua lossis oval zoo tom qab ua haujlwm kub.
Kev faib tawm ntawm endogenous inclusions yog qhov sib xws, thiab cov khoom me me, thiab kev ua haujlwm kom raug thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tuaj yeem txo nws cov naj npawb thiab hloov nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov loj me thiab kev faib tawm, tab sis feem ntau yog kev zam.
2.Exogenous suav nrog
Lub slag raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau molten nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm smelting thiab pouring, los yog cov ntaub ntawv refractory los yog lwm yam inclusions spalling tawm lub puab phab ntsa ntawm steelmaking rauv, steel groove thiab ladle tsis raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej lub solidification ntawm molten steel, thiab Cov khoom sib xyaw refractory thiab slag hais tau hloov pauv tas li nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog molten steel, thiab dhau los ua txawv teb chaws inclusions hauv steel. Nws yog ib qho kev suav nrog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau thiab lwm yam khoom thaum lub sij hawm smelting.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm xws li inclusions yog irregular shape, kuj loj loj, thiab irregular, los yog coarse inclusions. Xws li kev suav nrog tuaj yeem zam nrog kev ua haujlwm kom raug.
2.Cov nyhuv ntawm nonmetallic inclusions ntawm hlau
1.Kev ua haujlwm zoo
Tsis yog-hlau inclusions yog faib nyob rau hauv matrix ntawm cov hlau, ib yam li cov voids uas muaj zog tsawg yog faib nyob rau hauv cov hlau, thiab cov voids no yuav ntws nrog lub deformation ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, thiab voids tsim los ntawm tsis. -metallic inclusions yuav ncab thiab txuas mus rau cov kab nrib pleb, yog li nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg (plasticity, toughness, qaug zog ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam). Lub ntsiab manifestations yog:
Kev qaug zog ↓
Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias kev suav nrog yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau. Kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog thiab qhov loj me thiab cov kheej kheej kheej kheej tsis muaj deformable muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev qaug zog, thiab lub zog siab dua, qhov teeb meem loj dua, raws li qhia hauv FIG. 5. Rau siab zog steel, yog hais tias tus nto ntawm tus tswv cuab yog nyob rau hauv zoo processing mob, lub tawg pib los ntawm inclusions ua lub ntsiab fatigue cracking hom. Cov me me suav nrog tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev tawg, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev qaug zog tawg.
Tsis yog-hlau inclusions yog faib nyob rau hauv matrix ntawm cov hlau, ib yam li cov voids uas muaj zog tsawg yog faib nyob rau hauv cov hlau, thiab cov voids no yuav ntws nrog lub deformation ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, thiab voids tsim los ntawm tsis. -metallic inclusions yuav ncab thiab txuas mus rau cov kab nrib pleb, yog li nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg (plasticity, toughness, qaug zog ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam). Lub ntsiab manifestations yog:
Kev qaug zog
Impact toughness Plasticity
Lub hav zoov ntawm non-metallic inclusions plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev zoo ntawm cov hlau thiab nws cov khoom. Sulfide suav nrog ua rau kub brittleness ntawm hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev txias ntawm steel, cov inclusions cuam tshuam nws lub zog thiab ductility. Qee qhov nyuaj angular inclusions obviously txo cov seem shrinkage ntawm steel. Non-metallic inclusions muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau lub zog tensile ntawm steel, zoo heev steel tawg yog yas tawg, thaum muaj kev koom ua ke hauv steel aggregation los yog inclusions nyob rau hauv lub lis ciam tis, qhov tawg feem ntau pib los ntawm cov chaw no, kom lub zog yog. txo qis.
2. txheej txheem khoom
1) Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm forging thiab txias ua hauj lwm, quenching cua sov thiab welding, vim hais tias cov inclusion ua puas lub continuation ntawm steel qauv, ib zaug lub tensile kev nyuaj siab los yog shear kev nyuaj siab, cov khoom steel yuav tawg raws li kev faib ntawm inclusions.
2) Qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw tom qab dov thiab qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tom qab sib tsoo raug txo.
3.Lub zog, elongation cuam tshuam
When the inclusion particles are relatively large (>10μm), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov ntsiab lus suav nrog tsawg. Lub zog tawm los thiab tensile lub zog ntawm steel yog txo kom pom tseeb. Thaum cov inclusion hais me me mus rau ib qho me me (< 10μm), the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel will be increased. When the number of small particles dispersed in the steel inclusions increases. The yield strength and tensile strength of steel are increased, but the elongation has a small decrease.
3.Quantitative ntsuam xyuas ntawm non-metallic inclusions
Thaum lub sij hawm muab qhab nia ntawm non-metallic inclusions nyob rau hauv steel, Feem ntau, cov cuab yeej xws li kho qhov muag microscopy, scanning electron microscopy thiab lub zog spectrometer yuav raug siv los txheeb xyuas cov hom ntawm non-metallic inclusions nyob rau hauv steel raws li lub optical thiab morphological yam ntxwv ntawm non-metallic. inclusions, thiab ntsuam xyuas cov theem ntawm inclusions nrog rau cov qauv uas muaj feem xyuam (feem ntau raws li GB/T 10561-2005 "Kev txiav txim siab ntawm non-metallic inclusion Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv steel"), ua ke nrog cov zoo thiab quantitative tsom xam cov ntsiab lus ntawm inclusion composition spectrum , txiav txim siab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke, rau steelmaking nruam casting los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb meem inclusions, txhim kho cov purity ntawm hlau, thiab tsim cov hlau zoo los muab kev tshawb fawb.
Kev txiav txim kom muaj nuj nqis yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub ntawm cov hlau zoo thiab cov hlau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas paub txog hom kev suav nrog, cov qauv sib piv cov qauv siv los txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau.
Tus qauv GB/T {{0}}} "Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis yog xim hlau suav nrog hauv cov hlau" qhia tias thaj chaw tiag tiag yog 0.5mm2, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov pom yog 0.71mm2 square teb ntawm saib.
JK tus qauv ntsuas: Kev suav suav muab faib ua plaub hom A, B, C thiab D, uas yog sulfides, alumina, silicates thiab kheej kheej oxides.
Raws li morphology thiab kev faib tawm ntawm kev suav nrog, tus qauv spectra tau muab faib ua tsib pawg: A, B, C, D thiab DS. Txhua hom kev suav suav muab faib ua 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, tag nrho ntawm rau qib, qhov ntau dua cov qhab nia, qhia tias muaj ntau qhov kev suav, qhov loj dua . Nyob rau hauv GB / T 10561 "Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis yog xim hlau suav nrog hauv cov hlau" tus qauv, kuj tseem muaj cov kev cai cuam tshuam rau qhov sib nrug ntawm ob qhov kev koom ua ke kom zam dhau qhov kev ntsuas tsis raug ntawm ntau qhov kev suav ntawm tib hom tshwm sim hauv tib qhov kev pom.
Chav Kawm A (sulfides): Ib qho grey suav nrog nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv sib piv, feem ntau muaj qhov sib npaug.