Thaum lub npoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel hlau tsis zoo li xim av xeb (qhov chaw), cov neeg xav tsis thoob: tias "stainless hlau tsis xeb, xeb tsis yog stainless hlau, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlau."
Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib qho tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev pom ntawm qhov tsis nkag siab ntawm stainless hlau. Stainless hlau yuav xeb nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.
Stainless hlau muaj peev xwm tiv taus atmospheric oxidation - uas yog, xeb, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm corrosion nyob rau hauv nruab nrab uas muaj acid, alkali, ntsev - uas yog, corrosion kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj ntawm nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog hloov nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej, lub xeev kev tiv thaiv, kev siv cov xwm txheej thiab hom kev tshaj tawm ib puag ncig.
Xws li 304 steel yeeb nkab, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav thiab huv si, muaj qhov zoo heev corrosion kuj, tab sis nws tau txav mus rau thaj tsam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, hauv hiav txwv pos muaj ntsev ntau, nws yuav sai sai xeb; 316 steel yeeb nkab ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm stainless hlau, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig muaj peev xwm tiv taus corrosion, tsis xeb.
Stainless hlau yog tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw los ntawm ib txheej ntawm nyias nyias thiab cov khoom zoo ruaj khov chromium-nplua nuj oxide zaj duab xis (tiv thaiv zaj duab xis), los tiv thaiv cov infiltration ntawm oxygen atoms, txuas ntxiv mus oxidize, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv corrosion. Ib zaug vim li cas, cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau raug puas tsuaj tas li, cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua lossis cov kua yuav nkag mus ntxiv lossis cov hlau atoms hauv cov hlau yuav raug txiav tawm mus ntxiv, tsim cov hlau oxide xoob, thiab cov hlau saum npoo yuav raug corroded tas li. .
Cov zaj duab xis saum npoo no tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj rau ntau txoj hauv kev.
Muaj ntau ntau yam uas tshwm sim hauv lub neej txhua hnub:
1. Lub stainless hlau nto muaj plua plav lossis cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj lwm yam hlau los yog cov hlau sib txawv, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub, cov condensate ntawm cov ntawv txuas thiab cov hlau tsis huv, ob qho tib si txuas rau hauv microbattery, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical, cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv yog puas, hu ua electrochemical corrosion.
2. Qhov saum npoo ntawm stainless hlau adheres rau organic kua txiv (xws li melons thiab zaub, noodle kua zaub, hnoos qeev, thiab lwm yam), uas ua rau cov organic acid nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej oxygen, thiab cov organic acid corrods cov hlau nto rau lub sij hawm ntev. .
3. Stainless hlau nto adhesion uas muaj cov kua qaub, alkali, ntsev (xws li alkaline dej, txiv qaub dej txaws rau ntawm phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj), ua rau lub zos corrosion.
4. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua phem (xws li cov huab cua uas muaj ntau cov sulfides, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide), nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm condensation, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid kua point yog tsim, ua rau cov tshuaj corrosion. Lub tswv yim txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau saum npoo yog qhov kaj mus tas li thiab tsis corroded, peb pom zoo:
1) Cov hniav zoo nkauj stainless hlau nto yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab txhuam ntau zaus kom tshem tawm cov ntawv txuas thiab tshem tawm lwm yam uas ua rau kev hloov kho.
2) Cov seaside cheeb tsam yuav tsum siv 316 stainless hlau, 316 cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus seawater corrosion.
3) Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qee cov kav hlau stainless ntawm lub khw tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li 304 cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem yuav ua rau xeb, uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov.
Stainless hlau (Stainless hlau) yog cov ntawv luv ntawm stainless acid-resistant steel, resistant rau huab cua, chav, dej thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog corrosive media lossis stainless hlau; Cov hlau uas tiv taus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion media (acid, alkali, ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj etching) yog hu ua acid-resistant steel.
Cov qeb:
Feem ntau muab faib los ntawm lub koom haum metallographic:
Feem ntau, raws li lub koom haum metallographic, cov hlau tsis zoo li qub tau muab faib ua peb pawg: Austenitic stainless hlau, ferritic stainless hlau, martensitic stainless hlau. Raws li peb qhov yooj yim metallographic qauv, rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj, thiab muab tau los ntawm duplex steel, nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau thiab hlau cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 50 feem pua ntawm cov hlau alloy siab.
1, Austenitic stainless hlau.
Lub matrix feem ntau yog stainless hlau nrog lub ntsej muag-centered cubic siv lead ua qauv ntawm austenitic qauv (CY theem), uas tsis yog-sib nqus, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias kom ntxiv dag zog rau nws (thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj qee yam sib nqus). Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel siv 200 thiab 300 series tooj, xws li 304.
2, hlau hom stainless hlau.
Lub matrix yog dominated los ntawm ib tug ferrite qauv (theem A) ntawm lub cev-centered cubic siv lead ua qauv, sib nqus, feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm kev kho cua sov, tab sis txias ua hauj lwm yuav ua rau nws muaj zog me ntsis stainless hlau. Lub koom haum American Hlau thiab Hlau yog cim 430 thiab 446.
3. Martensitic stainless hlau
Lub matrix yog martensitic qauv (lub cev-centered cubic los yog cubic), sib nqus stainless hlau, nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel siv cov lej 410, 420, thiab 440. Martensite muaj cov qauv austenitic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab thaum txias rau chav sov ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog, cov qauv austenitic tuaj yeem hloov mus rau martensite (ie, hardened).
4, austenitic ferritic (duplex) stainless hlau.
Lub matrix muaj ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferritic ob-theem qauv, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov theem qis matrix feem ntau ntau dua 15 feem pua, yog sib nqus, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias stainless hlau, 329 yog ib qho duplex stainless hlau. Piv nrog austenitic stainless hlau, duplex steel muaj zog dua, siab dua tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion, chloride stress corrosion thiab point corrosion.
5, nag lossis daus hardening stainless hlau.
Stainless hlau uas nws cov matrix yog austenitic los yog martensitic thiab tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm nag lossis daus hardening. Lub koom haum American Iron thiab Steel siv 600 series tooj, xws li 630, uas yog 17-4PH.
Feem ntau, ntxiv rau cov alloys, qhov corrosion kuj ntawm austenitic stainless hlau kuj zoo heev, nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg corrosive ib puag ncig, ferritic stainless hlau yuav siv tau, nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis corrosive ib puag ncig, yog hais tias cov khoom yuav tsum muaj siab zog los yog siab hardness. , martensitic stainless hlau thiab nag lossis daus hardened stainless hlau tuaj yeem siv.
Nta thiab siv
Nto tshuab
Dab tsi ntawm stainless hlau tsis yooj yim rau xeb?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau stainless hlau corrosion:
1, cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium hauv 10.5 feem pua steel tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium npib tsib xee, qhov zoo dua qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, xws li 304 cov khoom siv nickel cov ntsiab lus hauv 8-10 feem pua, cov ntsiab lus chromium mus txog 18-20 feem pua, xws li stainless hlau feem ntau yuav tsis xeb.
2, cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau.
Loj stainless hlau nroj tsuag nrog zoo smelting technology, advanced cov cuab yeej thiab advanced technology yuav guaranteed seb puas nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm alloying ntsiab, tshem tawm impurities, thiab kev tswj ntawm billet txias kub, yog li cov khoom zoo yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, lub sab hauv zoo. yog qhov zoo, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau xeb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee qhov me me steel mills rov qab rau hauv cov khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis, thiab impurities tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem smelting, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm yuav tsis muaj xeb.
3, sab nraud ib puag ncig, kev nyab xeeb yog qhuav thiab qhov cua qhov chaw tsis yooj yim rau xeb.
Cov huab cua noo yog qhov loj, tsis tu ncua los nag huab cua, lossis ib puag ncig thaj chaw uas muaj pH siab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog yooj yim rau xeb. 304 stainless hlau, yog tias ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis zoo heev yuav xeb.
Stainless hlau zoo li xeb qhov chaw yuav ua li cas nrog?
1. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj
Siv cov tshuaj pleev xim los yog tshuaj tsuag los pab nws cov xeb kom rov ua dua los ua cov chromium oxide zaj duab xis kom rov ua kom nws cov corrosion kuj. Tom qab pickling, thiaj li yuav tshem tawm tag nrho cov kab mob thiab acid residues, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom yaug nrog dej. Tom qab tag nrho cov kev kho mob, re-polish nrog polishing khoom, thiab khi nrog polishing ciab. Rau cov pob zeb me me hauv zos kuj tuaj yeem siv 1: 1 roj av, roj sib tov nrog ib daim ntaub huv los so cov pob zeb.
2. Mechanical method
Xuab zeb blasting, tua blasting nrog iav los yog ceramic hais, rhuav tshem, txhuam thiab polishing. Nrog cov txheej txheem siv tshuab nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kab mob los ntawm yav tas los tshem tawm, polished los yog rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua yam kev ua qias tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau txawv teb chaws, tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej. Yog li ntawd, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum zoo dua yog ntxuav nyob rau hauv qhuav tej yam kev mob. Kev siv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsuas tuaj yeem ntxuav qhov chaw, tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov corrosion kuj ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom rov qab polishing nrog cov khoom siv polishing tom qab kho tshuab thiab foob nrog polishing ciab.
Cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau siv stainless hlau qib thiab kev ua haujlwm
1, 304 stainless hlau. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv austenitic stainless hlau, haum rau kev tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus thiab cov kav dej kua qaub, ntim, cov khoom siv, txhua yam ntsuas lub cev, thiab lwm yam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tsis sib nqus, cov khoom siv kub thiab cov khoom siv. .
2, 304L stainless hlau. Txhawm rau daws qhov cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm 304 stainless hlau los ntawm Cr23C6 nag lossis daus nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, lub xeev sensitized ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau tau zoo intergranular corrosion kuj zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau. Ntxiv rau qhov qis zog me ntsis, lwm yam khoom siv nrog 321 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau welded thiab tsis tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj, tuaj yeem siv los tsim txhua yam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv lub cev.
3, 304H stainless hlau. Cov ceg sab hauv ntawm 304 stainless hlau, carbon loj feem ntawm 0.04 feem pua -0.10 feem pua, qhov kub thiab txias kev ua tau zoo dua 304 stainless hlau.
4, 316 stainless hlau. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 10Cr18Ni12 steel ua rau cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los txo cov xov xwm thiab taw tes corrosion. Hauv dej hiav txwv thiab lwm yam xov xwm, kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li 304 stainless hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv pitting.
5, 316L stainless hlau. Ultra-tsawg carbon steel, nrog zoo tsis kam mus rau sensitized intergranular corrosion, haum rau kev tsim khoom ntawm welded qhov chaw thiab cov khoom siv nrog tuab tuab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, xws li corrosion resistant cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv petrochemical khoom.
6, 316H stainless hlau. 316 stainless hlau sab hauv ceg, carbon loj feem ntawm 0.04 feem pua -0.10 feem pua, kub kub ua tau zoo dua 316 stainless hlau.
7, 317 stainless hlau. Pitting thiab creep kuj yog zoo dua 316L stainless hlau, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov petrochemical thiab organic acid corrosion resistant khoom.
8, 321 stainless hlau. Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, ntxiv titanium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj, thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias txhua yam khoom, tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless hlau. Nws tsis pom zoo feem ntau tsuas yog rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb xws li kub siab lossis hydrogen corrosion kuj.
9, 347 stainless hlau. Niobium stabilized austenitic stainless hlau, ntxiv niobium los txhim kho intergranular corrosion kuj, corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv acid, alkali, ntsev thiab lwm yam corrosive xov xwm nrog 321 stainless hlau, zoo welding kev kawm, yuav siv tau raws li corrosion resistant cov ntaub ntawv yuav siv tau raws li kub resistant steel, Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv thermal zog, petrochemical teb, xws li zus tau tej cov ntim, pipelines, tshav kub exchangers, shafts, furnace tubes nyob rau hauv industrial furnaces thiab furnace tube thermometers.
10, 904L stainless hlau. Super ua tiav austenitic stainless hlau yog super austenitic stainless hlau tsim los ntawm OUTOKUMPU (Finland) lub tuam txhab, uas nws cov nickel pawg feem ntau yog 24 feem pua rau 26 feem pua, carbon pawg feem tsawg dua 0.02 feem pua, zoo heev corrosion kuj, thiab muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv tsis. - oxidizing acids xws li sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid thiab phosphoric acid. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion. Nws yog haum rau sulfuric acid ntawm ntau yam concentrations hauv qab no 70 degree, thiab muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau acetic acid thiab tov acid ntawm formic acid thiab acetic acid nyob rau hauv tej concentration thiab kub nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab. Tus qauv qub ASMESB-625 cais nws raws li cov nickel-raws li alloy, thiab tus qauv tshiab tau muab faib ua stainless hlau. Tuam Tshoj tsuas yog qib zoo sib xws 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 hlau, ob peb European ntsuas cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb yog 904L stainless hlau, xws li E ntxiv rau H qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas lub raj yog 904L stainless hlau, Rolex saib rooj plaub kuj siv 904L stainless hlau.
11, 440C stainless hlau. Martensitic stainless hlau, lub siab tshaj plaws hardness nyob rau hauv hardenable stainless hlau, stainless hlau, hardness yog HRC57. Feem ntau yog siv los ua nozzles, bearings, valve spool, rooj zaum, tes tsho, qia thiab lwm yam.
12, 17-4PH stainless hlau. Martensitic nag lossis daus-hardened stainless hlau, HRC44, nrog lub zog siab, hardness thiab corrosion kuj, tsis tuaj yeem siv ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 300 degree C. Nws muaj corrosion kuj zoo rau cua thiab diluted acid los yog ntsev, thiab nws cov corrosion kuj yog tib yam li. 304 stainless hlau thiab 430 stainless hlau, uas yog siv los tsim offshore platforms, turbine hniav, valve spool, rooj zaum, tes tsho, valve qia thiab hais txog.
Hauv cov cuab yeej kev tshaj lij, ua ke nrog ntau yam thiab cov teeb meem ntawm tus nqi, qhov kev xaiv austenitic stainless hlau ib ntus yog 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L stainless hlau, ntawm 317 tsis siv, 321 yog tsis pom zoo, 347 yog siv rau kev kub siab corrosion kuj, 904L tsuas yog cov khoom siv rau qee yam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. 904L feem ntau tsis nquag xaiv hauv kev tsim.
Hauv kev tsim thiab xaiv cov cuab yeej, feem ntau yuav muaj qee lub sijhawm thaum cov khoom siv ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau seb qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tau raws li qhov ntsuas kub thiab tsim. siab ntawm cov txheej txheem cov khoom siv los yog cov kav dej, xws li cov kav dej yog kub chromium molybdenum steel, thiab cov cuab yeej xaiv stainless hlau, ces yuav muaj teeb meem, koj yuav tsum mus rau qhov kub thiab txias ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv.
Hauv kev tsim qauv thiab kev xaiv, feem ntau ntsib ntau yam sib txawv, series, qib ntawm stainless hlau, kev xaiv yuav tsum yog raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, qhov siab, qhov corrosion, nqi thiab lwm yam kev xav.